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Asbestos Lawsuit Settlement Trends And Future Expectations

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J&j Offered $4 Billion To Settle Talc Claims Before Unit Filed For Bankruptcy

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Georgia Frangiudakis Khatib Georgia Frangiudakis Khatib Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, * , Julia Collins Julia Collins Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, Pierina Otness Pierina Otness Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, James Goode Preprints.org James Goode Google Scholar Scholar 3, Stacey Tomley Stacey Tomley Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, Peter Franklin Peter Franklin Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, 4 and Justin Ross Justin Ross Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1

Johnson & Johnson Proposes $8.9 Billion To Settle Lawsuits Claiming Their Talcum Powder Caused Cancer

Received: July 3, 2023 / Revised: August 2, 2023 / Accepted: August 3, 2023 / Published: August 7, 2023

(This article forms part of the Guide to Sustainable Practices for the Identification, Management and Disposal of Asbestos in the Built Environment)

Asbestos remains ubiquitous in Australia’s built environment. About 50% of the 13 million tons of asbestos products installed in previous decades remain in place today. Due to the extensive use of asbestos in the past and the aging of these products, the potential for exposure to asbestos fibers in both indoor and outdoor environments remains high, although the actual levels of asbestos exposure are generally very low. Sources of these exposures include the disturbance of asbestos-containing materials on site, for example during renovations or following catastrophic events such as fires, cyclones and floods. However, our understanding of the risk of asbestos-related disease from long-term exposure at low or background levels is poor. We present the latest overview of the risk of asbestos exposure currently affecting different groups of the Australian population and the settings in which it may occur. For this reason, low-level asbestos monitoring is needed, and further research is needed to determine whether current exposure monitoring methods are adequate. In addition, we are working on proactive asbestos removal to reduce the risk of ongoing asbestos contamination and exposure from deteriorating, damaged or damaged ACM, while improving the long-term sustainability of buildings as well as the sustainability of limited resources.

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Exposure to asbestos causes asbestosis, mesothelioma, and cancer of the lungs, ovaries, and larynx [1]. Historically, the most significant source of workplace injuries was the mining and production of asbestos. However, with asbestos present in millions of homes, public and commercial buildings across Australia, the workers most at risk are those involved in removal, repair, maintenance, renovation and other work on old buildings. These are builders, electricians, plumbers and painters. Examples of work that involves or may involve asbestos disturbance include removing asbestos-containing floor tiles as part of a renovation, cutting or punching an asbestos-cement sheet wall, demolishing an asbestos-containing structure, or working on asbestos-cement pipes. [2].

Previous non-occupational exposures were from living with an asbestos worker or living near an asbestos mine or factory. These effects have been consistently associated with morbidity [3]. However, with progressive restrictions on the mining and manufacture of asbestos and asbestos products beginning in the 1960s and following the ban in Australia in late 2003, these impacts have been mitigated. Home renovators are now the most at-risk group for non-occupational exposure because they have little or no knowledge of asbestos handling and removal and do not use protective controls to reduce exposure [4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

Asbestos fibers are also exempt from general damage (weathering) and damage caused by ACM, as well as damage caused by disasters such as fire, hurricane, cyclone and flood. These events can cause short-term increases in airborne fibers, require complex control measures, and are costly to remedy. In some cases, long-term contamination of the soil with asbestos fragments and bundles of fibers remains. Other potential sources of exposure include illegal asbestos disposal, historic fill material, and waste recycling (see Chapter 4). Future risks may also arise from imported goods containing asbestos fibers against the import ban.

Consumer Products That Contained Asbestos

This article provides the most up-to-date overview of asbestos exposure risks in Australia and the environments in which they may occur. It also addresses current and future approaches to addressing these risks and identifies gaps in knowledge. To do this, we reviewed the potential release issues from in situ asbestos fiber products, the analytical framework for measuring asbestos exposure, the current setting of potential asbestos exposure (including case studies), and the development of a national asbestos exposure prevention framework. .

Australia was one of the world’s largest per capita users of asbestos until the 1980s. After this time, the use of asbestos products in buildings ceased and was banned in late 2003, but most in situ products are much older [9]. Like any building material, ACM deteriorates with age. The level of damage due to general aging depends on several factors, including how well the products have been stored. Most urban centers in industrialized countries such as Australia have measured very low concentrations of asbestos fibers [10] and asbestos fibers can be found in the lungs of many people without occupational exposure [11, 12]. A simple measure of asbestos consumption is associated with asbestos-related disease mortality, even in former high-consumption countries such as Australia, as well as in developing countries that are relatively new users of ACM [13].

Indoor products may weather more slowly than outdoor products, which is damage caused by physical contact (such as normal wear and tear) and building movement (such as vibration). Remedial actions may temporarily increase airborne fiber concentrations depending on how carefully they are implemented (see Section 4.2). However, airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in intact buildings are generally not measurable or at very low levels, such as outdoors [14, 15, 16].

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In a 2008 study of 752 buildings, including schools, universities, public buildings and homes, over a 10-year period, Lee and Van Orden [14] found that “ground ACM” did not increase airborne asbestos in the building atmosphere. even if indoor concentrations were higher than outside, this does not lead to a significant increase in risk to building occupants. On average, the highest indoor concentrations were found in schools, probably due to higher activity levels in these buildings [14].

Wear, tear and renovation of asbestos products can increase the amount of asbestos fibers in the air or dust, while ventilation and regular cleaning can reduce the amount of asbestos fibers in indoor spaces. A study of changes in asbestos fiber concentrations in typical Eastern European buildings in 2022 showed that airborne fiber concentrations were generally low and decreased over time, an important factor in reduced ventilation [17].

Asbestos products placed outdoors (such as exterior cladding, siding and roofing) are more susceptible to weathering and damage than asbestos products indoors. Damage to outdoor items is very visible. Cracked and broken ACM barriers and wallboards are common in areas where these products are widely used. Overall damage is less noticeable, but erosion of the ACM can dislodge cement particles and expose asbestos fibers. Determining the contribution of damaged and degraded materials to urban asbestos contamination is extremely difficult.

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Typical concentrations of asbestos fibers in the air in urban areas are approximately 0.0001 f/ml, which is ten times higher than in rural areas (excluding any specific source of asbestos) [16]. The limiting factor for airborne fiber counts, even for degraded products with visible residues, are fragments and bundles of fibers larger than respirable size (unpublished; Otness and Franklin), which are not measured by currently used air monitoring techniques. (See Chapter 3). The sources of elevated concentrations in cities vary, and fiber emissions from individual products, even if highly degraded, may be minimal, but most of these products are concentrated in Kyrgyzstan.

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